1. The Chinese traveller Yuan Chwang (Hiuen Tsang) who visited India recorded the general conditions and culture of India at that time. In this context, which of the following statements is/are correct? [2013 – I] 1. The roads and river-routes were completely immune from robbery. 2. As regards punishment for offences, ordeals by fire, water and poison were the instruments for determining the innocence or guilt of a person. 3. The tradesmen had to pay duties at ferries and barrier stations. Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

2. According to ancient Indian cosmogonic ideas the sequential order of the cycle of four acons (yugas) is: [1996]

3. With reference to the Indian history of art and culture, consider the following pairs : [2014 – I] Famous work of Sculpture Site 1. A grand image of Buddha’s : Ajanta Mahaparinirvana with numerous celestial musicians above and the sorrowful figures of his followers below 2. A huge image of Varaha : Mount Abu Avatar (boar incarnation) of Vishnu, as he rescues Goddess Earth from the deep and chaotic waters, sculpted on rock 3. “Arjuna’s Penance”/ : Mamallapuram “Descent of Ganga” sculpted on the surface of huge boulders Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

4. The “Dharma” and “Rita” depict a central Idea of ancient Vedic civilization of India. In this context, consider the following statements : [2011 – I] 1. Dharma was a conception of obligations and of the discharge of one’s duties to oneself and to others. 2. Rita was the fundamental moral law governing the functioning of the universe and all it contained. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

5. With reference to the scientific progress of ancient India, which of the statements given below are correct? [2012 – I] 1. Different kinds of specialized surgical instruments were in common use by 1st century AD. 2. Transplant of internal organs in the human body had begun by the beginning of 3rd century AD. 3. The concept of sine of an angle was known in 5th century AD. 4. The concept of cyclic quadrilaterals was known in 7th century AD. Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

6. Assertion : Harshavardhana convened the Prayag Assembly. Reason (R): He wanted to popularize only the Mahayana form of Buddhism. [2001]

7. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists: [1997] List-I (Author) List-II (Text) A. Varahamihira 1. Prabandha Chintamani B. Vishakhadatta 2. Mrichchha-Katikam C. Sudraka 3. Brihat-Samhita D. Bilhana 4. Devi-Chandraguptam 5. Vikramankadeva-Charita Codes:

8. Which one of the following sculptures was invariably used green schist as the medium? [1996]

9. Anekantavada is a core theory and philosophy of which one of the following? [2009]

10. Which one of the following books of ancient India has the love story of the son of the founder of Sunga dynasty? [2016-I]