(i) Siddhas means the refined monotheistic creed existed. Sittar implies an expert in occultism, alchemy and so on with magic or superstitious powers. (ii) The lingayats believed that on death the devotee will be reunited with Shiva and not return to this world. Therefore instead of cremating the body, they ceremonially bury their dead. (iii) They criticised the caste system and questioned belief in the theory of rebirth. (iv) Certain practices were encouraged by the lingayats such as post-puberty marriages and widow remarriage. Knowledge of the Virashaiva tradition has been derived from vachanas (sayings) composed in Kannada by those who had joined Ref: Std 12th NCERT, Themes in India History, Part-II, Page 148

William Hawkins visited the court of Jahangir and received a farman which allowed East India Company to set up their first factory at Surat in 1613.

A is correct but R is wrong as he issued bronze coins as the token currency which was a great fiasco.

Best answer is c as Tukaram (1608–1650) was a Marathi Bhakti poet and a devotee of Lord Krishna. Time period of Jahangir was 1605-1627.

Fawazil was balance between the income and expenditure of Iqta-holders.

Before the rise of modern language, Apabhrams was the most vibrant language of colloquial and literary works in north India.

(i) In reign of Krishna Deva, land revenue was the main source of income of the government. To assess the proper revenue entire land was classified into four parts: the wet land, the dry land, the orchards and the woods. The government also levied other taxes like the grazing tax, the customs duty, tax on gardening and industries taxes on manufacture of various articles. (ii) From the travelogue written by Persianenvoy Abdur Razzaqin the court of Vijaynagar, we find both statements are correct.

A is correct as Akbar marched towards Afghanistan in 1581 to conquer Kabul to expand his kingdom. R is incorrect as he had no intention to reclaim his ancestral country of Ferghana.

Bahlol (1451–1489); Sikandar (1489–1517); Ibrahim (1517–1526)